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AP Computer Science Principles Full-length practice exam 3

70 questions

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Full-length practice exam 3

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Question 1

A list scores ← [85, 92, 78, 90, 65] is passed to the procedure below. What value does mystery(scores) return?

PROCEDURE mystery(list)
{
  best ← list[1]
  FOR EACH item IN list
  {
    IF (item > best)
    {
      best ← item
    }
  }
  RETURN best
}

A.65B.85C.92D.410

Question 2

Which of the following problems has a REASONABLE (polynomial-time) algorithm, and which is considered to have only UNREASONABLE (exponential-time) algorithms for large inputs?

Problem I: Sorting a list of n numbers
Problem II: Checking all possible subsets of n items to find a subset that sums to a target value (brute-force subset sum)

A.Both problems have reasonable (polynomial-time) algorithms.B.Problem I has a reasonable algorithm (e.g., merge sort runs in O(n log n)); Problem II (brute-force) has an unreasonable exponential-time algorithm.C.Both problems have only unreasonable (exponential-time) algorithms.D.Problem I is unreasonable because you must compare every pair of elements; Problem II is reasonable because you stop as soon as you find a valid subset.

Question 3

A health app automatically logs a user's GPS location every 5 minutes throughout the day. Over a year, this produces a detailed record of everywhere the user went.

Which of the following BEST describes a privacy concern raised by this data collection practice?

A.The GPS data uses too many bits per coordinate, wasting storage space.B.Aggregating location data over time creates a detailed behavioral profile that can reveal sensitive information (home/work address, medical visits, religious attendance) even if each data point seems harmless.C.GPS coordinates are stored as floating-point numbers, which introduces rounding errors that distort the user's location.D.The app should use lossless compression on the location data to prevent privacy breaches.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of DEBUGGING a program?

A.Writing comments to explain what each section of code does.B.Running a program with sample inputs and checking whether the outputs match expected results.C.Identifying that a sorting procedure returns results in the wrong order, locating the comparison that is reversed, and fixing it.D.Planning the structure of a program before writing any code.

Question 5

Which of the following BEST describes the role of a router on the Internet?

A.A router stores web pages so users can access them faster.B.A router encrypts data before it leaves a device's network interface.C.A router forwards packets from one network to another, choosing the path each packet should take toward its destination.D.A router assigns unique usernames and passwords to each device on the network.

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Question 6

A team uses a shared online document so all members can see the current project plan and leave comments. Which aspect of collaborative development does this MOST directly support?

A.Abstraction — hiding implementation details from team members who do not need them.B.Communication and transparency — keeping all collaborators informed and allowing asynchronous feedback.C.Compilation — converting the shared plan into machine-readable instructions.D.Testing — verifying that each team member's code produces correct output.

Question 7

A binary search will only work correctly on a list that:

A.Contains only positive integersB.Is sorted in orderC.Has a length that is a power of 2D.Contains no duplicate values

Question 8

A student is developing an app to help users log daily exercise. During testing, a user reports: "When I enter 0 minutes of exercise, the app crashes." The student had not considered zero as a valid input.

This situation illustrates which challenge in program development?

A.Compilation errors — the code cannot be translated to machine instructions.B.Undecidable problems — it is theoretically impossible to determine whether any input will cause a crash.C.Incomplete specification — the original program design did not account for all valid inputs, leading to unexpected behavior.D.Hardware failure — the device cannot process a zero value correctly.

Question 9

The Internet protocol stack is organized into layers, where each layer provides services to the layer above it and uses services from the layer below it. Which of the following BEST describes why this layered (abstraction) model is useful?

A.The layered model forces all Internet traffic to travel through a central server that manages routing for the entire Internet.B.The layered model allows each layer to be changed or upgraded independently without affecting other layers, as long as the interface between layers stays the same.C.The layered model encrypts each layer's data before passing it down, providing security at every level.D.The layered model eliminates packet loss by duplicating packets at each layer.

Question 10

A serial (sequential) version of a program takes 60 seconds to run. A parallel version uses 4 processors and contains a portion that cannot be parallelized, which takes 10 seconds. The parallelizable portion takes 50 seconds when run serially. What is the runtime of the parallel version?

A.15 secondsB.22.5 secondsC.50 secondsD.60 seconds

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Question 11

A photograph is stored in JPEG format (lossy compression) and then decompressed. Which of the following accurately describes the decompressed image?

A.The decompressed image is identical to the original photograph because decompression always restores all data.B.The decompressed image has the same file size as the original uncompressed photograph.C.The decompressed image approximates the original but may differ in subtle ways because some information was permanently discarded.D.The decompressed image is completely unrecognizable because lossy compression destroys most of the image data.

Question 12

What is displayed when the following pseudocode runs?

nums ← [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
total ← 0
FOR EACH n IN nums
{
   total ← total + n
}
DISPLAY total

A.50B.100C.150D.250

Question 13

A student is working on a program that draws shapes on screen. After writing the first version, she notices the circles look slightly off-center. She adjusts a coordinate value, tests again, and the circles look correct. This process BEST illustrates which program development practice?

A.AbstractionB.IterationC.DocumentationD.Compilation

Question 14

A nonprofit creates an online platform connecting volunteers with local food banks, matching volunteer skills and schedules with food bank needs. The platform was built using donated server time and open-source software.

Which of the following BEST explains how this computing innovation addresses both a social problem AND a concern about equitable access to computing resources?

A.It addresses neither: the platform still requires users to have Internet access, which not everyone has.B.It addresses the social problem (food insecurity) by matching volunteers with food banks, and the equitable-access concern by using donated resources and open-source software, keeping costs low for the nonprofit.C.It addresses the social problem only; equitable access to computing requires giving every person a free device and internet connection.D.It addresses the equitable-access concern only; food banks already have enough volunteers without a computing platform.

Question 15

A researcher studying online misinformation downloads 10 million public tweets using Twitter's API and analyzes which types of false claims spread fastest. The tweets are publicly posted but the users did not know their data would be used for research.

Which of the following BEST represents the ethical tension in this scenario?

A.There is no ethical tension — public data can always be used for any purpose without ethical concerns.B.The ethical tension is between the public benefit of misinformation research and the users' reasonable expectation that their posts, while public, would not be systematically collected and analyzed without consent.C.The only ethical issue is that the researcher is using too much storage space by downloading 10 million tweets.D.The ethical tension is entirely resolved by Twitter's terms of service, which permit API access to public tweets.

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Question 16

A university uses a single server to host its website. As enrollment grows, the website becomes slow for users. The IT department adds two more identical servers and distributes incoming web requests evenly among all three.

This approach BEST demonstrates which computing concept?

A.Sequential computing — the three servers process one request at a time in order.B.Distributed computing — workload is spread across multiple servers to improve performance and scalability.C.Fault tolerance — the extra servers ensure the site never goes down.D.Encryption — data is split across three servers so no single server has the complete message.

Question 17

Which of the following BEST describes an undecidable problem in computer science?

A.A problem that computers cannot solve because modern processors are too slow.B.A problem for which no algorithm can exist that always correctly determines a yes/no answer for every possible input.C.A problem that is difficult to solve but becomes solvable with better algorithms.D.A problem with more than one correct answer, making it hard for an algorithm to decide which to return.

Question 18

What is displayed when the following pseudocode runs?

x ← 4
y ← x + 3
x ← y * 2
DISPLAY x

A.4B.7C.14D.8

Question 19

What is displayed when the following pseudocode runs?

result ← 1
REPEAT 5 TIMES
{
   result ← result * 2
}
DISPLAY result

A.10B.16C.32D.64

Question 20

A hospital stores patient records in a database. Each record includes the patient's name, date of birth, diagnosis codes, and the date each entry was created. The dates and times when entries were created are examples of which type of data?

A.Primary data — the most important data in the record.B.Compressed data — the dates are stored more efficiently than the diagnosis codes.C.Metadata — data that describes other data, in this case when the records were created.D.Encrypted data — the dates are hidden to protect patient privacy.

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Question 21

A pipeline to process data consists of three sequential stages that cannot be parallelized: Stage 1 takes 2 seconds, Stage 2 takes 8 seconds, Stage 3 takes 3 seconds. A programmer proposes splitting Stage 2 into four equal parallel tasks (each 2 seconds) running on four processors simultaneously.

What is the total pipeline time after this optimization?

A.4 secondsB.7 secondsC.13 secondsD.3.25 seconds

Question 22

A company hosts its website on a single server in one data center. The website goes down whenever the data center loses power. Which of the following upgrades would MOST improve the website's fault tolerance?

A.Upgrading the server's processor to a faster model.B.Compressing the website's files so they take less storage space.C.Encrypting all connections using HTTPS.D.Replicating the website on servers in multiple geographically distributed data centers, with traffic rerouted automatically when one center goes down.

Question 23

A citizen science project asks volunteers worldwide to classify galaxy shapes in telescope photographs by viewing images on a website. Thousands of volunteers each classify a few images, producing a large labeled dataset researchers could not create alone.

This is an example of:

A.Phishing — deceiving volunteers into revealing personal information.B.Crowdsourcing — distributing a task across many people to accomplish something impractical for one person or team.C.Parallel computing — running the same algorithm on multiple processors simultaneously.D.Open source software — publishing code so anyone can view and contribute to it.

Question 24

A new app allows patients in rural areas to consult with doctors via video call, eliminating the need to travel long distances to a clinic. Which of the following BEST describes this computing innovation?

A.A harmful effect of computing, because it reduces face-to-face interactions between doctors and patients.B.A beneficial effect of computing, because it increases access to healthcare for people in underserved areas.C.Neither beneficial nor harmful, because it only replaces existing in-person visits.D.A harmful effect of computing, because doctors can now see more patients and may provide lower-quality care.

Question 25

A procedure double(n) returns n * 2. What is the value returned by double(double(3))?

A.6B.9C.12D.18

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Question 26

The Internet was designed so that if one path between two computers is unavailable, data can still reach its destination by taking a different path. This property is called:

A.EncryptionB.AbstractionC.Fault toleranceD.Scalability

Question 27

A simulation models the spread of a disease through a population. Researchers run the simulation 1,000 times with slightly randomized initial conditions and observe how outcomes vary.

Which of the following BEST explains why running the simulation many times is useful?

A.Each additional run makes the simulation more accurate by correcting errors from previous runs.B.Running many simulations allows researchers to understand the range of possible outcomes and the likelihood of each, accounting for uncertainty in initial conditions.C.A simulation must be run exactly 1,000 times to produce statistically valid results.D.Running simulations replaces the need for real-world data because the simulation IS the experiment.

Question 28

The following pseudocode is intended to find and return the minimum value in a list nums (which has at least one element).

PROCEDURE findMin(nums)
{
   minVal ← nums[1]
   FOR EACH n IN nums
   {
      IF n < minVal
      {
         minVal ← n
      }
   }
   RETURN minVal
}

What does findMin([8, 3, 6, 1, 5]) return?

A.8B.3C.1D.5

Question 29

Two students are collaborating on a program. Student A writes the data-storage module and Student B writes the display module. They agree that the display module will call getData() to retrieve values, regardless of how Student A internally stores the data.

This agreement BEST demonstrates which concept?

A.Iteration — repeatedly refining the interface until both students agree.B.Abstraction via a defined interface — the display module interacts with stored data through getData() without needing to know the internal implementation.C.Debugging — finding and fixing errors in the communication between modules.D.Sequential development — Student A must finish completely before Student B can begin.

Question 30

A company's website is attacked by a botnet — thousands of compromised computers simultaneously send requests to the website, overwhelming its server and making it unavailable to legitimate users.

This attack is called a:

A.SQL injection attackB.Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attackC.Man-in-the-middle attackD.Phishing attack

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Question 31

Which of the following pairs BEST distinguishes a procedure from an event handler?

A.A procedure can take parameters; an event handler cannot.B.A procedure is called explicitly by other code; an event handler runs in response to a user action or system event.C.A procedure runs in parallel; an event handler runs sequentially.D.Only event handlers can have side effects on the display.

Question 32

What is the decimal value of the 8-bit binary number 00001011?

A.8B.11C.13D.3

Question 33

A recursive procedure power(base, exp) computes base raised to the power exp using the rule: power(base, exp) = base * power(base, exp - 1), with the base case power(base, 0) = 1.

How many total calls to power (including the initial call) are made when computing power(3, 4)?

A.3B.4C.5D.12

Question 34

Consider the following program development scenario:

A student writes pseudocode describing the algorithm.
She tests the pseudocode logic on paper with sample inputs.
She codes the algorithm in a programming language.
She runs the code and discovers it does not handle the case where the input list is empty.
She revises the code to handle empty input and tests again.

At step 4, the student is performing which activity?

A.Program designB.DocumentationC.TestingD.Abstraction

Question 35

Which of the following lists contains the elements in the correct order after a linear (sequential) search of the list [3, 7, 1, 9, 4] for the value 9?

A.The algorithm checks 9 first because it searches for the target value.B.The algorithm checks elements in the order: 3, then 7, then 1, then 9 (found).C.The algorithm checks elements in the order: 9, 4, 1, 7, 3 (reverse order).D.The algorithm sorts the list first, then searches: 1, 3, 4, 7, 9.

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Question 36

Which of the following is the BEST description of a program specification?

A.The executable code that makes a program run.B.A document that describes what a program should do, its inputs, outputs, and constraints.C.A visual representation of how data flows through a computer's hardware.D.A list of all the bugs found during testing.

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of a Creative Commons license providing more freedom than standard copyright?

A.A Creative Commons license prevents anyone from using a work without paying the creator a fee.B.A Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license allows anyone to share and adapt the work as long as they credit the original creator.C.A Creative Commons license requires all users of a work to pay royalties to the creator.D.A Creative Commons license is identical to putting a work in the public domain — all rights are waived.

Question 38

A wireless network uses radio waves to transmit data from a laptop to a router. The router connects to the Internet via a fiber optic cable. At each step in this transmission, what is the fundamental representation of data?

A.Text characters in the wireless segment and binary digits in the fiber segment.B.Binary sequences (bits) at all stages — represented as radio wave patterns in the wireless segment and as light pulses in the fiber segment.C.Analog signals throughout, since radio waves and light are inherently analog.D.Decimal numbers in the wireless segment converted to binary only when entering the fiber cable.

Question 39

A student downloads a song from a website that offers "free music." The song was uploaded without the artist's permission and is available for free download. Which of the following BEST describes the legal and ethical issue?

A.The download is legal because the student is not selling the song or making money from it.B.The download violates the artist's intellectual property rights because the artist did not authorize the distribution.C.The download is ethical because music should be freely accessible to everyone.D.The website, not the student, is responsible for any infringement, so the download has no ethical implications for the student.

Question 40

A delivery company needs to find a route that visits 30 cities and returns home with the lowest total distance. An exact algorithm guaranteed to find the optimal route would take an impractically long time. Which approach is MOST appropriate?

A.Use a heuristic (e.g., "always travel to the nearest unvisited city next") that finds a good — but not necessarily optimal — route quickly.B.Always use the exact algorithm because correctness matters more than speed.C.Skip the routing problem and have drivers pick routes manually.D.Use a random ordering of cities each time.

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Question 41

Two tasks must be completed: Task A takes 6 minutes and Task B takes 4 minutes. If run sequentially, total time is 10 minutes. If run in parallel on two processors, what is the minimum possible time to complete BOTH tasks?

A.2 minutesB.5 minutesC.6 minutesD.10 minutes

Question 42

A government proposes using AI-powered surveillance cameras throughout a city to automatically identify and track individuals by face in real time to reduce crime.

A civil liberties advocate argues this innovation has significant harmful effects. Which of the following BEST articulates the advocate's concern?

A.The cameras use too much electricity, making them environmentally harmful.B.Mass real-time facial recognition enables pervasive government surveillance that chills free expression and assembly, disproportionately targets marginalized communities through known algorithmic biases, and creates a massive data collection that could be misused.C.The cameras might reduce tourism because visitors feel uncomfortable being photographed.D.The AI may misidentify celebrities, which could create legal liability for the government.

Question 43

A user receives an email that appears to be from their bank, asking them to click a link and confirm their account password due to "suspicious activity." The link leads to a fake website that looks identical to the real bank's website.

This attack is BEST described as:

A.A denial-of-service (DoS) attack — overwhelming the bank's server with traffic.B.Malware — software that automatically infects the user's device when the email is opened.C.Phishing — tricking a user into revealing credentials by impersonating a trusted entity.D.A brute-force attack — systematically trying all possible passwords until the correct one is found.

Question 44

A run-length encoding (RLE) scheme compresses a row of pixels by replacing consecutive identical values with a count and the value. For example, the row WWWWBBWW is encoded as 4W2B2W.

Using this scheme, what is the compressed encoding of RRRRRRGGGG?

A.6R4GB.4R6GC.RRRRRRGGGGD.10RG

Question 45

What is displayed when the following pseudocode runs?

a ← 10
IF a MOD 3 = 0
{
   DISPLAY "divisible"
}
ELSE
{
   DISPLAY "not divisible"
}

A.divisibleB.not divisibleC.1D.Nothing is displayed.

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Question 46

A group of students is designing an app to track school events. They gather requirements by asking students and teachers what features they want before writing any code. This activity is BEST described as which phase of the design thinking process?

A.PrototypingB.TestingC.Empathizing / defining the problemD.Deploying

Question 47

A developer releases version 1.0 of an app, collects user feedback revealing that the search feature is confusing, and redesigns the search interface for version 2.0. This cycle BEST reflects which principle of program development?

A.Sequential development — completing each phase fully before moving to the next.B.Iterative development — using feedback from each version to improve the next.C.Parallel development — having multiple teams write independent versions simultaneously.D.Abstraction — hiding the complexity of the search algorithm from users.

Question 48

A student writes the following procedure header:

PROCEDURE addNumbers(a, b)

Which statement BEST describes what a and b are?

A.They are the values the procedure returns to the caller.B.They are parameters that receive the values passed in by the caller.C.They are global variables shared between all procedures.D.They are constants whose values cannot change.

Question 49

ASCII uses 7 bits to encode each character, allowing it to represent 2^7 = 128 characters. Unicode (UTF-32) uses 32 bits per character. Why was Unicode developed?

A.To compress text files so they take up less storage space.B.To represent the characters of virtually all human writing systems, including scripts not covered by ASCII.C.To make programs run faster by replacing multi-byte sequences with single bytes.D.To eliminate the need for binary representation in modern computers.

Question 50

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of open protocols on the Internet?

A.Open protocols mean the Internet has no security and anyone can read all data transmitted.B.Open protocols are publicly documented standards that allow any device or software from any manufacturer to communicate on the Internet.C.Open protocols are owned by a single company that licenses them to other manufacturers.D.Open protocols require all devices to use the same operating system to ensure compatibility.

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Question 51

Which of the following BEST describes the difference between a problem that has a reasonable algorithm and one that requires an unreasonable algorithm in the CSP framework?

A.Reasonable algorithms always terminate; unreasonable algorithms may run forever.B.Reasonable algorithms run in time that grows polynomially with input size; unreasonable algorithms grow exponentially (or faster), so they become impractical even on modest inputs.C.Reasonable algorithms use less memory; unreasonable algorithms always run out of memory.D.Reasonable algorithms are guaranteed to find an optimal answer; unreasonable ones only approximate.

Question 52

A program runs four tasks. Tasks A and B can run in parallel (no dependencies between them). Task C depends on the output of Task A. Task D depends on the outputs of both B and C.

Task A: 3 seconds
Task B: 5 seconds
Task C: 2 seconds (starts after A)
Task D: 1 second (starts after B and C both finish)

Assuming unlimited parallel processors, what is the minimum time to complete all four tasks?

A.6 secondsB.8 secondsC.11 secondsD.5 seconds

Question 53

Two programmers are refactoring a 200-line program to reduce code duplication. Programmer A extracts every block of three or more repeated lines into its own procedure. Programmer B extracts only blocks that compute something conceptually meaningful. Which approach is MORE consistent with good procedural abstraction, and why?

A.Programmer A — any duplication should be eliminated, regardless of what the code means.B.Programmer B — procedures are most useful when they have a clear, nameable purpose, even if some duplication remains.C.Programmer A — shorter total code is always better.D.Programmer B — extracted procedures should never have parameters.

Question 54

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of documentation in a program?

A.To make the program run faster by reducing the number of lines of code.B.To explain the purpose, behavior, and design of the code so that others (and the author later) can understand it.C.To prevent the program from producing errors at runtime.D.To replace the need for testing by describing what the program is supposed to do.

Question 55

A data analyst trains a machine learning model to predict loan approval using historical loan data. She later discovers that the historical data reflects past discriminatory lending practices that denied loans to certain demographic groups at higher rates. The model learns from this pattern and replicates it.

This scenario BEST illustrates which concern about data?

A.Data compression — the training data was compressed, removing important information.B.Metadata corruption — the timestamps on the records were inaccurate.C.Bias in data — the training data reflects historical discrimination, causing the model to perpetuate it.D.Lossy encoding — some loan applications were discarded during digitization.

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Question 56

A survey of 10,000 adults asks: "Do you use social media daily?" Results show 68% say yes. A researcher concludes that 68% of all humans use social media daily.

Which flaw in this data analysis is MOST significant?

A.The sample size is too small — surveys need at least 1 million respondents to draw valid conclusions.B.The survey uses lossy compression, which distorted the responses.C.The conclusion overgeneralizes from a non-representative sample — adults surveyed in one context may not represent all humans (including children and people without internet access).D.The binary yes/no encoding of responses is insufficient and introduces rounding errors.

Question 57

Which of the following BEST distinguishes lossy compression from lossless compression?

A.Lossy compression always produces a smaller file than lossless compression for any type of data.B.Lossless compression allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed; lossy compression discards some information permanently and cannot perfectly reconstruct the original.C.Lossy compression is used only for text files; lossless compression is used only for images.D.Both lossy and lossless compression permanently remove data to reduce file size.

Question 58

A social media platform's recommendation algorithm suggests content based on a user's past engagement. Over time, the user primarily sees content that reinforces their existing beliefs.

Which of the following BEST describes a potential harmful effect of this computing innovation?

A.The algorithm is a beneficial innovation because it shows users content they find interesting, increasing engagement.B.The algorithm creates a "filter bubble" that limits exposure to diverse viewpoints, which can reinforce misinformation and reduce critical thinking.C.The algorithm is harmful only because it requires too much computing power, wasting energy.D.The algorithm is harmful because it requires users to pay subscription fees to see recommended content.

Question 59

How many different values can be represented using 3 bits?

A.3B.6C.8D.16

Question 60

A company trains a facial recognition system using a dataset of photographs. The dataset contains mostly photographs of people with lighter skin tones. As a result, the system is significantly less accurate for people with darker skin tones.

This is an example of:

A.A hardware malfunction that prevents the camera from capturing darker skin tones accurately.B.Computing bias caused by a non-representative training dataset.C.Lossy compression that degrades image quality for some users.D.An intentional design decision to reduce the system's scope.

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Question 61

Which of the following Boolean expressions evaluates to true?

A.(5 > 7) AND (3 = 3)B.(5 > 7) OR (3 = 3)C.NOT (3 = 3)D.(5 > 7) AND NOT (3 = 3)

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of data abstraction?

A.Storing a student's grade as the number 92 rather than tracking every individual assignment score that contributed to it.B.Compressing an image file so it takes up less disk space.C.Converting a decimal number to binary so a computer can store it.D.Encrypting a file so unauthorized users cannot read it.

Question 63

A digital audio file encodes sound by sampling the audio signal at regular intervals (e.g., 44,100 times per second) and storing each sample as a binary number. Which of the following changes would INCREASE the accuracy of the digital audio representation?

A.Reducing the sampling rate from 44,100 Hz to 22,050 Hz.B.Using fewer bits per sample (e.g., from 16 bits to 8 bits).C.Increasing the sampling rate (e.g., from 44,100 Hz to 96,000 Hz) and using more bits per sample.D.Applying lossy compression to the sampled audio data.

Question 64

What is displayed when the following pseudocode runs?

x ← 10
IF (x > 5)
{
  IF (x > 12)
  {
    DISPLAY "big"
  }
  ELSE
  {
    DISPLAY "medium"
  }
}
ELSE
{
  DISPLAY "small"
}

A.bigB.mediumC.smallD.big medium

Question 65

Which of the following BEST describes a benefit of collaborating with others during program development?

A.Collaboration guarantees the program will be completed faster than working alone.B.Collaboration eliminates the need for testing because multiple people review the code.C.Collaboration allows different perspectives and areas of expertise to be incorporated, improving the program.D.Collaboration requires that all team members write identical code to avoid conflicts.

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Question 66

What value does the following pseudocode display?

nums ← [3, 7, 2, 8, 5, 1, 9]
count ← 0
FOR EACH n IN nums
{
  IF (n > 4)
  {
    count ← count + 1
  }
}
DISPLAY count

A.3B.4C.5D.7

Question 67

A program that reads a list of numbers and finds the maximum value contains the following bug: when all numbers are negative, it always returns 0. A developer adds a test case with the input [-5, -1, -3] expecting the output -1 but gets 0. After investigation, she realizes the maximum variable was initialized to 0 instead of the first list element.

Which of the following describes the COMPLETE process used to find and fix this bug?

A.Testing only — creating a test case that exposed the incorrect output.B.Testing to reveal the bug, then debugging to locate and fix the initialization error.C.Debugging only — investigating the code until the initialization error was found.D.Abstraction — hiding the initialization detail behind a helper method.

Question 68

A programmer needs to compute the area of three rectangles with different dimensions and display each area. Which approach BEST demonstrates procedural abstraction?

A.Copy and paste the multiplication and DISPLAY statements three times, hard-coding each set of dimensions.B.Write three separate procedures, one per rectangle, with no parameters.C.Write one procedure area(width, height) that returns width * height, then call it three times with different arguments.D.Use a global variable for area and reassign it inside each section.

Question 69

Which of the following BEST describes the digital divide?

A.The difference in processing speed between old computers and new computers.B.The gap between people who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not, often tied to income, geography, or education.C.The distinction between hardware (physical devices) and software (programs).D.The security risk created when data is transmitted over public networks.

Question 70

A programmer needs to write a procedure that determines whether a given word is a palindrome (reads the same forwards and backwards). She first writes a procedure that reverses a string, then uses it inside the palindrome-checker. This approach BEST demonstrates which programming concept?

A.Iteration — the palindrome check repeats the reversal multiple times.B.Abstraction — using a helper procedure to hide the details of string reversal, so the palindrome checker focuses on its own logic.C.Simulation — the palindrome checker simulates reading the word backwards.D.Recursion — the palindrome procedure calls itself to check inner characters.

AP Computer Science Principles Full-length practice exam 3 — Free with Answer Explanations | Test Practice Hub