AP European History Full-length practice exam 2

Chartism in Britain (c. 1838–1857) is best characterized as:

The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 is significant in the history of European imperialism primarily because it:

The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, marked the beginning of a rapid collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe. Historians explain this simultaneity primarily by arguing that:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's political philosophy differed most fundamentally from Locke's in Rousseau's claim that:

Metternich's Concert of Europe and the policy of intervention adopted at Troppau (1820) represented which approach to post-Napoleonic European order?

The term "Renaissance" most accurately describes which of the following cultural developments in 15th-century Italy?

An excerpt from a 1520 pamphlet reads: "The prince must learn to use both the beast and the man… He must be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves." This advice most closely reflects the political philosophy of:

Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) is considered a culmination of the Scientific Revolution primarily because it:

Which of the following best describes the concept of humanism as practiced by Renaissance scholars such as Petrarch and Erasmus?

The Russian boyar aristocracy's resistance to Peter the Great's reforms was most fundamentally based on their objection to:

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 is considered "glorious" primarily because it:

The Dreyfus Affair (1894–1906) in France revealed deep social divisions primarily between:

Stalin's collectivization of Soviet agriculture (1929–1933) caused the most catastrophic consequences in which of the following ways?

Britain became the first country to industrialize in the late 18th century primarily because of which combination of factors?

The Congress of Berlin (1878) is significant in the history of 19th-century European imperialism primarily because it:

Which of the following best explains why the Western Front quickly became a stalemate of trench warfare after the initial German advance in 1914?

Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws (1748) proposed the doctrine of separation of powers. His primary concern was to prevent:

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) began as a religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire but evolved into:

Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign is considered the decisive turning point in his downfall primarily because:

The English Civil War (1642–1651) ultimately resulted from a fundamental conflict between:

Northern Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus differed from their Italian counterparts primarily in that they:

The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, is significant as a symbol of the French Revolution primarily because:

The concept of total war, as practiced during WWI and WWII, represented a fundamental departure from 19th-century warfare primarily because it:

The policy of appeasement pursued by Britain and France toward Nazi Germany in the late 1930s was motivated primarily by which combination of factors?

Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses (1517) were primarily directed against which church practice?

The wave of late 19th-century nationalist movements in Central and Eastern Europe posed the most fundamental challenge to the Austrian Habsburg Empire because:

A parliamentary report from the 1840s states: "Children as young as seven are employed in coal mines twelve hours per day; they crawl in passages too narrow for adults, harnessed to wagons of coal." This evidence most directly supports which historical argument about early industrialization?

The enclosure movement in 18th-century Britain is most directly related to the Industrial Revolution because it:

The unification of Italy (Risorgimento) succeeded in 1861 largely because of the cooperation of which three forces?

Social Darwinism, as applied to European imperialism in the late 19th century, most commonly argued that:

The development of railways in Europe between 1830 and 1870 transformed the economy most significantly by:

Radical reformers such as the Anabaptists were persecuted by both Catholics and mainstream Protestants primarily because they:

Realist literature and painting in mid-19th-century Europe differed from Romanticism primarily in its focus on:

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) is historically significant primarily because it:

The Peace of Augsburg (1555) resolved religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire by establishing which principle?

The encomienda system established by Spain in its American colonies most directly reflected which aspect of Renaissance-era European expansion?

Louis XIV's famous statement "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state") best reflects which political theory?

Romanticism as a cultural movement in the early 19th century can best be understood as a reaction against:

The Scientific Revolution's impact on European religious thought in the 17th–18th centuries most often took the form of:

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, triggered the First World War through which sequence of events?

Renaissance artists and architects in Italy frequently drew on classical Roman models. Which of the following best explains why classical antiquity held such authority for Renaissance intellectuals?

Louis XIV's construction of the Palace of Versailles served which political function beyond mere display of royal magnificence?

A document from 1529 signed by several German princes reads: "We protest against this decision, which deprives us of our authority to govern the faith of our territories as we see fit." The princes were most likely protesting:

Historians debate whether the French Revolution should be understood as the product of Enlightenment ideas or of social and fiscal crises in the old-regime state. Which of the following types of evidence most strongly supports the social-fiscal explanation over the ideological one?

Napoleon's Continental System (1806–1813) was designed to:

The 1957 Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community (EEC), was motivated primarily by which concern?

The English Bill of Rights (1689) limited royal authority by establishing that the monarch could not:

The 1848 revolutions that swept across Europe reflected which combination of forces?

Voltaire's Candide (1759) was fundamentally a satirical attack on which philosophical position?

The unification of Germany under Prussia (1866–1871) was achieved primarily through:

Utopian socialists such as Robert Owen and Charles Fourier differed from Marxist socialists primarily in their belief that:

The Truman Doctrine (1947) represented a significant shift in American foreign policy by declaring that the United States would:

The concept of 'Europeanization'—the process by which EU membership transforms member states' institutions, policies, and identities—is most directly contested by the emergence of which contemporary phenomenon?

Enlightened monarchs such as Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia differed from their absolutist predecessors primarily in that they:

The Marshall Plan (1948) was significant in Cold War history primarily because it: