AP European History Hard practice

The French Constitution of 1791 established a constitutional monarchy based on the principle of national sovereignty. Which of the following developments best illustrates why this moderate solution quickly gave way to more radical republicanism?

The 2008 global financial crisis and its aftermath in Europe revealed which fundamental structural tension in the Eurozone's design?

A historian argues that the Protestant Reformation succeeded in some regions and failed in others primarily because of how it intersected with the political interests of local rulers. Which of the following cases best supports this argument?

A historian comparing English constitutionalism and French absolutism argues that the decisive variable was not ideology but the structural capacity of representative institutions to resist royal centralization. Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports this argument?

Northern Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus differed from their Italian counterparts primarily in that they:

The Scientific Revolution's impact on European religious thought in the 17th–18th centuries most often took the form of:

Liberal political economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo generally argued that the appropriate governmental response to industrial poverty was:

Ulrich Zwingli's reformation in Zurich differed from Luther's in its approach to the Eucharist in that Zwingli argued:

The Encyclopédie edited by Diderot and d'Alembert (1751–1772) was politically subversive primarily because it:

The wave of late 19th-century nationalist movements in Central and Eastern Europe posed the most fundamental challenge to the Austrian Habsburg Empire because:

The Dreyfus Affair (1894–1906) in France revealed deep social divisions primarily between:

Which of the following best explains why absolutism was stronger in France and Prussia than in the Dutch Republic and England during the 17th century?

Historians debate whether the French Revolution should be understood as the product of Enlightenment ideas or of social and fiscal crises in the old-regime state. Which of the following types of evidence most strongly supports the social-fiscal explanation over the ideological one?

The Russian boyar aristocracy's resistance to Peter the Great's reforms was most fundamentally based on their objection to:

The Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s (1991–2001) revealed which fundamental tension within post-Cold War European order?