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AP Human Geography Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

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Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

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Question 1

A geographer studying population density finds that a country's arithmetic (crude) density is 300 people per km², but its physiological density is 1,200 people per arable km². What does the high physiological density suggest about this country?

A.The country has a large total land area relative to its population.B.Only a small fraction of the country's total land is suitable for agriculture, concentrating population pressure on farmland.C.The country has advanced irrigation technology that increases crop yields per hectare.D.The country is in Stage 4 of the DTM, with low birth rates and an aging labor force.

Question 2

A country has a crude birth rate (CBR) of 12 per 1,000 and a crude death rate (CDR) of 9 per 1,000. Its rate of natural increase (RNI) is:

A.0.3% per yearB.3% per yearC.21 per 1,000D.0.03% per year

Question 3

A country in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model shows a stationary or slightly declining population. A policy maker proposes encouraging immigration to maintain the working-age population. Which demographic challenge most directly motivates this policy?

A.Overpopulation, because Stage 4 countries have too many people relative to resources.B.An aging population and a shrinking dependency ratio of workers to retirees, threatening pension and healthcare systems.C.High infant mortality, which reduces the productive workforce before workers reach employment age.D.Population momentum, which is causing the population to grow too rapidly for economic resources to support.

Question 4

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration include the observation that most migrants move only short distances and that migration occurs in a series of steps. A rural villager moves first to a nearby small town, then to a regional city, and finally to a national capital. This pattern best illustrates:

A.Forced migration, driven by environmental disasters in the rural area.B.Chain migration, in which later migrants follow the path of earlier migrants from the same origin.C.Step migration, in which migrants move progressively to larger and more distant destinations.D.Cyclic movement, in which individuals return to their origin after a period away.

Question 5

In the context of the push-pull model of migration, which of the following is a pull factor drawing migrants to a destination country?

A.Chronic unemployment and low wages in the origin country.B.Political persecution of ethnic or religious minorities in the origin country.C.Abundant employment opportunities and higher wages in the destination country.D.Environmental degradation and land loss from sea level rise in the origin country.

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Question 6

A country experiencing the epidemiological transition shifts from high mortality due to infectious diseases to high mortality due to chronic and degenerative diseases. This shift is most associated with which stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

A.Stage 1, when both birth and death rates are high and infectious disease is the leading cause of death.B.Stage 2, when infectious disease mortality begins to decline due to improved sanitation and medicine.C.Stages 3 and 4, when infectious disease mortality is low and chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease become dominant causes of death.D.Stage 5 (hypothetical), when death rates rise above birth rates causing population decline.

Question 7

An age-sex pyramid with a wide base, narrow middle, and very narrow apex most likely represents a country with:

A.Low fertility, low mortality, and an aging population.B.High fertility, high mortality, and a youthful population.C.Net in-migration of working-age adults from neighboring countries.D.A post-industrial economy with high immigration and low emigration.

Question 8

A Syrian refugee family flees to Turkey due to civil war in their home country. This movement is best classified as:

A.Voluntary migration driven by pull factors in Turkey.B.Forced migration driven by a push factor — armed conflict in the origin country.C.Step migration, in which the family is moving progressively toward a wealthier destination.D.Circular migration, in which workers regularly move back and forth between two countries.

Question 9

According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, which of the following patterns would he predict about gender and migration distance?

A.Men are more likely to undertake long-distance international migrations; women more commonly migrate shorter distances.B.Women are more likely to migrate internationally while men migrate internally.C.Gender has no influence on migration distance according to Ravenstein.D.Rural women migrate farther than rural men because agricultural work pushes them out of rural areas.

Question 10

A country's total fertility rate (TFR) drops below replacement level (approximately 2.1 children per woman) while the population continues to grow for several decades. This continued growth is best explained by:

A.An increase in the crude death rate as the population ages.B.Population momentum, caused by a large cohort of women of childbearing age from past high-fertility periods.C.Epidemiological transition, which reduces chronic disease mortality among the elderly.D.The demographic dividend, which describes economic growth from a large working-age population.

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Question 11

The gravity model of migration predicts that the volume of migration between two cities will increase if the population of both cities grows but the distance between them remains constant. This prediction is most directly based on the principle that:

A.Larger cities have better infrastructure, which lowers transportation costs over any fixed distance.B.Migration volume is proportional to the product of both populations and inversely proportional to the distance between them.C.Migration declines as cities grow because competition for housing and jobs reduces attractiveness.D.Distance decay does not apply when cities reach a critical population threshold.

Question 12

A country in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by:

A.High birth rates and high death rates, producing slow population growth.B.High birth rates and rapidly falling death rates, producing rapid population growth.C.Falling birth rates and low death rates, producing slow population growth.D.Low birth rates and low death rates, producing near-zero population growth.

AP Human Geography Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes — Free with Answer Explanations | Test Practice Hub