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AP Physics 2 Full-length practice exam 2

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Full-length practice exam 2

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Question 1

A resistor has a current of $I = 3 A$ flowing through it and a voltage of $V = 12 V$ across it. What is its resistance?

R = 0.25 Ω

R = 4 Ω

R = 36 Ω

R = 9 Ω

Question 2

Lenz's law states that the direction of an induced current is such that it:

A.Enhances the change in magnetic flux that caused it.B.Is always clockwise when viewed from above.C.Opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.D.Is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field.

Question 3

Light travels from glass ( $n_{g} = 1.5$ ) into water ( $n_{w} = 1.33$ ) at an angle of incidence of $60°$ . What is the angle of refraction in water? ( $sin 60° \approx 0.866$ )

θ_{2} \approx 40.6°

(ray bends toward the normal)B.Total internal reflection occurs; no transmitted ray.C.

θ_{2} \approx 77.8°

(ray bends away from the normal)D.

θ_{2} = 60°

(no bending at the glass-water interface)

Question 4

A parallel-plate capacitor has plate area $A$ and plate separation $d$ . If the separation is doubled while the charge on the plates remains constant, how does the voltage across the capacitor change?

A.The voltage is halved.B.The voltage is unchanged.C.The voltage doubles.D.The voltage quadruples.

Question 5

An electron enters a region with both a uniform electric field $E = 1000 V/m$ pointing upward and a uniform magnetic field $B = 0.02 T$ pointing out of the page. The electron moves horizontally to the right without deflection. What must be the speed of the electron?

v = 5 \times 1 0^{4} m/s

v = 2 \times 1 0^{- 5} m/s

v = 5 \times 1 0^{4} m/s

in a specific direction onlyD.

v = 2 \times 1 0^{7} m/s

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Question 6

A circuit has a $9 V$ battery with internal resistance $r = 1 Ω$ connected to an external resistance $R = 8 Ω$ . What is the terminal voltage of the battery?

V_{terminal} = 9 V

V_{terminal} = 8 V

V_{terminal} = 1 V

V_{terminal} = 9.1 V

Question 7

According to special relativity, a muon traveling at $v = 0.99 c$ relative to Earth has a lifetime measured in Earth's frame that is longer than its proper lifetime. This phenomenon is called:

A.Length contractionB.Time dilationC.The twin paradoxD.Mass-energy equivalence

Question 8

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is $T_{1/2} = 5 days$ . Starting with $N_{0} = 1600$ atoms, how many remain after $20 days$ ?

N = 400

atomsB.

N = 200

atomsC.

N = 100

atomsD.

N = 0

atoms

Question 9

Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of all voltage drops around any closed loop in a circuit equals zero. This law is a consequence of which fundamental principle?

A.Conservation of chargeB.Conservation of energyC.Newton's third lawD.Ohm's law

Question 10

In a circuit, two batteries are connected in the same loop: Battery 1 has EMF $E_{1} = 12 V$ with internal resistance $r_{1} = 1 Ω$ , and Battery 2 has EMF $E_{2} = 6 V$ with internal resistance $r_{2} = 2 Ω$ . They are connected with opposing polarity (positive terminals facing each other). An external resistance $R = 3 Ω$ completes the loop. What is the current in the loop?

I = 3 A

I = 1 A

I = 2 A

I = 0 A

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Question 11

An object is placed $15 cm$ to the left of a converging lens with $f_{1} = 10 cm$ . A second converging lens with $f_{2} = 20 cm$ is placed $40 cm$ to the right of the first lens. Where is the final image formed relative to the second lens?

20 cm

to the right of lens 2 (real image)B.

20 cm

to the left of lens 2 (virtual image)C.

13.3 cm

to the right of lens 2 (real image)D.No image is formed — the object is at

f_{2}

Question 12

Two long parallel wires carry equal currents $I$ in opposite directions and are separated by distance $d$ . What is the nature of the magnetic force between them?

A.Attractive, because opposite currents create fields that reinforce between the wires.B.Repulsive, because the magnetic fields between the wires push outward.C.Attractive, same as for parallel currents in the same direction.D.There is no magnetic force because the fields cancel between the wires.

Question 13

A conducting rod of length $L = 0.5 m$ slides along frictionless rails at constant velocity $v = 4 m/s$ in a uniform magnetic field $B = 0.3 T$ perpendicular to the plane of the rails. The resistance of the circuit is $R = 0.6 Ω$ . What external force is needed to maintain constant velocity?

F = 0.15 N

F = 0

F = 0.6 N

F = 0.30 N

Question 14

A $60 W$ lightbulb is designed to operate at $120 V$ . What is its operating resistance?

R = 0.5 Ω

R = 240 Ω

R = 2 Ω

R = 7200 Ω

Question 15

Total internal reflection can occur when light travels from:

A.Air into glass, at any angle of incidenceB.Glass into air, at angles exceeding the critical angleC.Glass into air, at angles smaller than the critical angleD.Air into water, when the beam is nearly parallel to the surface

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Question 16

In single-slit diffraction, the first minimum occurs at angle $θ$ given by $a sin θ = λ$ , where $a$ is the slit width. If the slit width is doubled while keeping the wavelength constant, the central diffraction maximum becomes:

A.Twice as wide and half as brightB.Half as wide and more brightC.The same width but twice as brightD.Half as wide and half as bright

Question 17

A particle is accelerated through a potential difference of $V = 50 kV$ . Using the de Broglie relation $λ = h / p$ and energy conservation (non-relativistic), what is the de Broglie wavelength of a proton accelerated through this potential? ( $m_{p} = 1.67 \times 1 0^{- 27} kg$ , $e = 1.6 \times 1 0^{- 19} C$ , $h = 6.63 \times 1 0^{- 34} J \cdot s$ )

λ \approx 1.28 \times 1 0^{- 13} m

λ \approx 5.5 \times 1 0^{- 12} m

λ \approx 1.28 \times 1 0^{- 10} m

λ \approx 6.63 \times 1 0^{- 34} m

Question 18

Light of frequency $f = 1.5 \times 1 0^{15} Hz$ illuminates a metal with work function $ϕ = 3.6 eV$ . What is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons in eV? ( $h = 4.14 \times 1 0^{- 15} eV \cdot s$ )

K_{max} = 2.61 eV

K_{max} = 6.21 eV

K_{max} = 3.6 eV

K_{max} = 9.81 eV

Question 19

In the Compton effect, an X-ray photon of wavelength $λ_{0}$ scatters off a free electron and the scattered photon has a longer wavelength $λ^{'}$ . The Compton shift $Δ λ = λ^{'} - λ_{0}$ depends on:

A.The initial wavelength

λ_{0}

of the photon onlyB.The scattering angle

θ

only (and fundamental constants)C.Both the initial wavelength and the scattering angleD.The mass of the photon and the electron mass

Question 20

In a double-slit interference experiment, the slits are separated by $d = 0.5 mm$ and a screen is $L = 2.0 m$ away. For light of wavelength $λ = 500 nm$ , what is the distance between adjacent bright fringes?

Δ y = 1.0 mm

Δ y = 2.0 mm

Δ y = 0.5 mm

Δ y = 4.0 mm

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Question 21

A gas undergoes an isothermal process. Which of the following is true about the change in internal energy $Δ U$ of an ideal gas during this process?

Δ U > 0

because work is done on the gas.B.

Δ U < 0

because the gas must release heat to maintain constant temperature.C.

Δ U = 0

because internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature.D.

Δ U = Q

because no work is done during an isothermal process.

Question 22

An ideal gas expands adiabatically and does $W = 500 J$ of work on its surroundings. What is the change in internal energy of the gas?

Δ U = + 500 J

Δ U = 0

Δ U = - 500 J

D.Cannot be determined without knowing the pressure.

Question 23

A circular loop of radius $r = 0.1 m$ has resistance $R = 5 Ω$ . It is placed in a magnetic field perpendicular to the loop. The field changes at a rate of $\frac{d B}{d t} = 200 T/s$ . What is the induced current in the loop?

I \approx 0.04 A

I \approx 1.26 A

I \approx 6.28 A

I \approx 0.4 A

Question 24

An RC circuit has a capacitor $C = 200 μ F$ in series with a resistor $R = 5 k Ω$ and a $12 V$ battery. The capacitor is initially uncharged. Approximately how long after the switch is closed does the voltage across the capacitor reach $7.6 V$ ? (Use $e \approx 2.718$ , so $1 - e^{- 1} \approx 0.632$ .)

t \approx 0.5 s

t \approx 1.0 s

t \approx 2.0 s

t \approx 0.1 s

Question 25

A photon has a wavelength of $λ = 400 nm$ . What is its energy in electron-volts? ( $h = 6.63 \times 1 0^{- 34} J \cdot s$ , $c = 3 \times 1 0^{8} m/s$ , $1 eV = 1.6 \times 1 0^{- 19} J$ )

E \approx 1.24 eV

E \approx 3.1 eV

E \approx 6.2 eV

E \approx 0.31 eV

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Question 26

A $6 Ω$ resistor and a $3 Ω$ resistor are connected in parallel. This parallel combination is in series with a $2 Ω$ resistor, and the whole circuit is powered by a $12 V$ battery. What is the current through the $6 Ω$ resistor?

I_{6} = 3 A

I_{6} = 1 A

I_{6} = 2 A

I_{6} = 4 A

Question 27

A charge $q = + 2 μ C$ is moved from point A to point B in an electric field. The potential at A is $V_{A} = 100 V$ and at B is $V_{B} = 40 V$ . What is the work done by the electric field on the charge?

W = + 1.2 \times 1 0^{- 4} J

W = - 1.2 \times 1 0^{- 4} J

W = + 2.8 \times 1 0^{- 4} J

W = + 8.0 \times 1 0^{- 5} J

Question 28

The average kinetic energy of molecules in an ideal monatomic gas at temperature $T$ (in kelvin) is given by:

\overset{ˉ}{K} = k T

\overset{ˉ}{K} = \frac{1}{2} k T

\overset{ˉ}{K} = \frac{3}{2} k T

\overset{ˉ}{K} = \frac{3}{2} n R T

Question 29

Two resistors, $R_{1} = 6 Ω$ and $R_{2} = 3 Ω$ , are connected in parallel across a battery. What is the equivalent resistance of the combination?

R_{eq} = 9 Ω

R_{eq} = 4.5 Ω

R_{eq} = 2 Ω

R_{eq} = 1 Ω

Question 30

A $12 Ω$ resistor and an $8 Ω$ resistor are connected in series to a $20 V$ battery with negligible internal resistance. What is the voltage across the $8 Ω$ resistor?

V_{8} = 12 V

V_{8} = 8 V

V_{8} = 10 V

V_{8} = 20 V

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Question 31

An electron (charge $- e$ ) is released from rest at a point where the electric potential is $V = - 50 V$ and moves to a point where $V = + 50 V$ . By how much does the electron's kinetic energy increase?

Δ K E = - 1.6 \times 1 0^{- 17} J

(electron loses energy)B.

Δ K E = + 8.0 \times 1 0^{- 18} J

Δ K E = + 1.6 \times 1 0^{- 17} J

Δ K E = 0

(electron starts from rest so gains no energy)

Question 32

A heat engine operates between a hot reservoir at $T_{H} = 600 K$ and a cold reservoir at $T_{C} = 300 K$ . What is the maximum (Carnot) efficiency of this engine?

25%

50%

75%

100%

Question 33

An object is placed $30 cm$ in front of a concave mirror with focal length $f = 10 cm$ . Using the mirror equation $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d _{o}} + \frac{1}{d _{i}}$ , what is the image distance $d_{i}$ ?

d_{i} = - 15 cm

d_{i} = 15 cm

d_{i} = 20 cm

d_{i} = 40 cm

Question 34

A proton moves with velocity $v$ in a magnetic field $B$ . The magnetic force on the proton is given by:

F = q v \cdot B

(dot product)B.

F = q v \times B

F = q B \times v

F = q v B

(parallel to

v

)

Question 35

In the photoelectric effect, which property of light determines the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons?

A.The intensity (brightness) of the lightB.The frequency (or wavelength) of the lightC.The angle of incidence of the light on the metalD.The total duration of illumination

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Question 36

A long solenoid has $n$ turns per unit length and carries current $I$ . Which expression gives the magnetic field inside the solenoid?

B = μ_{0} I / (2 π r)

B = μ_{0} n I

B = μ_{0} N I / r

where

N

is total turns and

r

is radiusD.

B = μ_{0} n I^{2}

Question 37

Which of the following processes is impossible according to the second law of thermodynamics?

A.A heat engine converts 40% of absorbed heat into work and rejects the rest.B.Heat flows from a hot object to a cold object when they are in thermal contact.C.A refrigerator removes heat from a cold interior and expels heat to a warm room, using electrical work.D.A cyclic heat engine converts all absorbed heat into work with no heat rejected to a cold reservoir.

Question 38

A rectangular loop of wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field $B$ pointing into the page. The loop lies in the plane of the page. If the magnetic flux through the loop is $Φ_{B} = B A$ where $A$ is the loop area, what is the induced EMF when the loop is stationary?

E = B A

E = B / A

E = 0

E = B^{2} A

Question 39

A square loop of side $s = 0.2 m$ and resistance $R = 4 Ω$ is in a magnetic field that is increasing at $d B / d t = 50 T/s$ perpendicular to the loop. What is the power dissipated in the loop?

P = 0.25 W

P = 1.0 W

P = 16 W

P = 0.5 W

Question 40

One mole of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes an isobaric expansion from volume $V_{1}$ to $2 V_{1}$ at pressure $P$ . Which expression correctly gives the heat $Q$ added to the gas? (Use $R$ for the ideal gas constant.)

Q = P V_{1}

Q = \frac{3}{2} P V_{1}

Q = \frac{5}{2} P V_{1}

Q = 2 P V_{1}

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Question 41

A converging (convex) lens with focal length $f = 20 cm$ has an object placed $10 cm$ from it (inside the focal length). What type of image does the lens produce?

A.Real, inverted, and magnifiedB.Virtual, upright, and magnifiedC.Real, upright, and diminishedD.No image is formed when the object is inside the focal length.

Question 42

Equipotential surfaces around a positive point charge are:

A.Parallel planes perpendicular to the radial electric field lines.B.Concentric spheres centered on the charge.C.Lines radiating outward from the charge.D.Ellipsoidal surfaces elongated along the direction of the field.

Question 43

Which of the following best describes the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A.Energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.B.If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.C.Heat flows spontaneously from cold objects to hot objects.D.The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.

Question 44

A long straight wire carries current $I$ to the right. A proton (positive charge) is located directly above the wire and is moving to the right (same direction as $I$ ). What is the direction of the magnetic force on the proton?

A.Upward, away from the wireB.Downward, toward the wireC.To the left, opposing the proton's motionD.Out of the page

Question 45

Three resistors are connected between nodes A, B, and C: $R_{A B} = 3 Ω$ (directly between A and B), $R_{B C} = 3 Ω$ (between B and C), and $R_{A C} = 6 Ω$ (between A and C). A $12 V$ battery is connected between A and B. What is the total current delivered by the battery?

I = 4 A

I = 5.33 A

I = 1 A

I = 2.67 A

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Question 46

A convex (diverging) mirror always produces what type of image for a real object?

A.Real, inverted, diminishedB.Real, upright, magnifiedC.Virtual, inverted, diminishedD.Virtual, upright, diminished

Question 47

An ideal gas undergoes the following four-step cycle: (1) isobaric expansion at $P_{H}$ , (2) isochoric pressure drop to $P_{L}$ , (3) isobaric compression at $P_{L}$ , (4) isochoric pressure rise back to $P_{H}$ . If the volume changes from $V_{1}$ to $V_{2} > V_{1}$ , what is the net work done by the gas per cycle?

W_{net} = P_{H} V_{2} - P_{L} V_{1}

W_{net} = (P_{H} - P_{L}) (V_{1} + V_{2})

W_{net} = (P_{H} - P_{L}) (V_{2} - V_{1})

W_{net} = P_{H} (V_{2} - V_{1}) - P_{L} (V_{2} - V_{1}) /2

Question 48

A dielectric material with dielectric constant $κ = 3$ is inserted between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor connected to a battery (constant voltage). How does the energy stored in the capacitor change?

A.The stored energy decreases by a factor of 3.B.The stored energy increases by a factor of 3.C.The stored energy is unchanged because the voltage is constant.D.The stored energy increases by a factor of 9.

Question 49

A $P V$ diagram shows a gas undergoing a rectangular cycle (two isobaric and two isochoric processes). In which segment does the gas do the most positive work?

A.The isochoric (constant volume) expansion at high pressure.B.The isobaric compression at low pressure.C.The isobaric expansion at high pressure.D.The isochoric compression at low volume.

Question 50

A thin film of soap ( $n = 1.35$ ) in air has a thickness $t = 350 nm$ . For what wavelength of visible light (in air) does the film appear brightest (constructive interference in reflection)?

λ = 945 nm

(infrared — not visible)B.

λ = 630 nm

(orange-red)C.

λ = 472.5 nm

(blue-violet)D.

λ = 315 nm

(ultraviolet — not visible)

AP Physics 2 Full-length practice exam 2 — Free with Answer Explanations | Test Practice Hub