AP Psychology Unit 2: Cognition

What is the KEY difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem-solving?

In language, phonemes are BEST described as:

After studying Spanish for two years, Elena now has difficulty remembering the French she learned in high school. This forgetting is best explained by:

When solving a problem, someone always tries the same solution strategy that worked in the past, even when a novel approach would be more efficient. This tendency is called:

A chess grandmaster can glance at a mid-game board for five seconds and reconstruct piece positions far better than a novice can. This difference is best explained by the grandmaster's superior use of:

Knowing how to ride a bicycle without consciously thinking about each movement is BEST classified as which type of long-term memory?

Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis proposed that:

Elizabeth Loftus's research on eyewitness testimony demonstrated that memory is reconstructive rather than reproductive. Which experimental finding most directly supports this conclusion?

According to Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing framework, which of the following encoding strategies should produce the BEST long-term retention of a list of new vocabulary words?

George Miller's classic research on short-term memory capacity concluded that people can hold approximately how many chunks of information at one time?

A cognitive psychologist studies how people decide whether an object belongs to a category. Participants judge a robin as a 'bird' faster than they judge a penguin as a 'bird.' This finding is best explained by:

A researcher hypothesizes that a particular vitamin improves memory. To test this, they survey people who already take the vitamin and ask, "Has your memory improved since starting?" Most report yes. Why is this study design vulnerable to confirmation bias even before considering placebo effects?